Sabih Shaker, Atheel. “Recognition of Off-Line Printed Arabic Text Using Hidden Markov Models”. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 31, no. 2 (September 12, 2018): 230–238. Accessed September 27, 2024. https://jih.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/j/article/view/1952.