A Review using continuous flow injection analysis technique in the determination of several drugs

Authors

  • Elham Nghaimesh Mezaal Department of chemistry, college of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn-Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Kawther Ahmed Sadiq Department of chemistry, college of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn-Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Tamara Ahmed Abdel Karim College of Remote Sensing & Geophysics, Al-Karkh University for Science, Baghdad, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30526/37.1.3182

Keywords:

Continuous flow injection analysis, Flow rate, Carrier stream, Determination, Sample.

Abstract

Continuous flow injection analysis (CFIA) is one of the simplest, easiest, and multilateral analytical automation methods in moist chemical analysis. This method depends on changing the physical and chemical properties of a part of the specimen spread out from the specimen injected into the carrier stream. The CFIA technique uses automatic analysis of samples with high efficiency. The CFIA PC compatibility also allows specimens to be treated automatically, reagents to be added, and reaction conditions to be closely monitored. The CFIA is one of the automated chemical analysis methods in which a successive specimen sample is to be estimated and injected into a vector stream from a flowing solution that meets the reagent and mixes at a specific point, the y-junction, before reaching the detector. However, CFIA does not have a separation method because the sample, carrier stream, and reagent all enter the system simultaneously and move together at a specific flow rate to the end of the system. It is also possible to inject a second specimen sample to be estimated before the first sample reaches the detector. For all the reasons mentioned, the CFIA technique analysis is appropriate, fast, and ideal for analyzing different samples. This general technique deals with solutions and is used for various tasks, including pH measurement, conductivity, colorimetry, titration, and enzyme assays. So, it was used in analytical chemistry to estimate many samples, including medicines, because they are essential substances for human life, and everyone widely uses them.

References

Bayan, H.; Hind, H. Normal and reverse flow injection analysis methods for estimation of mesalazine in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Ibn Al- Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science, 2023, 36(4), 232- 245. https://doi:10.30526/36.4.3143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30526/36.4.3143

Castro, M. D. L.; Priego-Capote F. Analytical applications of ultrasound. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2007. https://shop.elsevier.com.

Khampha, W.; Yakovleva, J.; Isarangkul, D.; Wiyakrutta, S.; Meevootisom V.; Emmaus. FIA Bibliography. Journal Analytica Chimica Acta, 2004, 518, 127-135. https://archive.org. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.048

Hungerford, J. M.; Walker, K. D.; Kewell, M. M.; Larose, J. E.; Thrum, H. R. Selective determination of Histamine by flow injection analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 1990, 62, 1971-1976. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00217a014

Yebra-Biurrun, M. C. Flow injection analysis of marine samples. Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York, 2009. https://www.amazon.com.

Pleasance, S.; Ayer, S. W.; Leacock, M. V.; Thibault, P. Ionspray mass spectrometry of marine toxins III Analysis of paralytic shellfis1h poisoning toxins by flow injection analysis, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry. Rapid Common Mass Spectrum, 1992, 6(1), 14-24. https://doi:10.1002/RCM.1290060105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290060105

Tsukatani, T.; Matsumoto, K. Flow-injection fluorometric quantification of succinate in food stuffs based on the use of an immobilized enzyme reactor. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2000, 416, 197- 203. https://doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(00)00908-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)00908-9

Karlberg, B.; Pacey, G.E. Flow injection analysis: a practical guide. Elsevier, New York, 1989. https://shop.elsevier.com.

Masoon, M.; Townshend, A. Flow-injection analysis - a superior alternative to air-segmented continuous-flow analysis.Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 1988, 10 (2), 269-282. https://fad.stuchalk.domains.unf.edu.

Karlberg, B.; Thelander, S. Extraction based on the flow-injection principle: Part I. Description of the Extraction System. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1978, 98(1),1-7.https://doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(01)83231-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)83231-1

Nagam, S. T.; Hussein, F. Irradiation of formed reaction product (precipitate) with A short wave lengths (184.9 & 253.7 nm) as a new mode for measurement of scattered light using multi solar cells to collect improved analytical signals for continuous flow injection analysis, PhD Thesis, University of Baghdad, Iraq, 2018.

Al-Awady, M. J.; Turkey, N. S.; Shakir, I. M. A. New Approach for the online determination of Paracetamol using merging zone-continuous flow injection analysis via homemade photometric based on 704 nm LED and a photo silicon minidetector. Iraqi National Journal of Chemistry, 2010, 39(39), 455-468. https://injchemistry.uobabylon.edu.iq.

Shakir, I. M. A. New developed analytical-chemiluminometric (sensitized) continuous flow injection analysis, for determination of ciprofloxacin; Application to pharmaceutical preparation. Journal of Al-Nahrain University, 2012, 15(4), 11-21. https://doi:1022401/JNUS.15.4.02. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.15.4.02

Shakir, I. M.A.; Al-Awadie, N.S.T.; Hassan, R.F. Determination of Methionine via chemiluminescence – continuous flow injection analysis. Kerbala Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012, 4, 190- 204. https://iraqjournals.com.

Issam, M. A.; Marwa, A. Determination of folic acid by chemiluminescence continuous flow injection analysis. Journal of Kufa for Chemical Science, 2012, 1(5), 58-70. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/12544.

Shakir, I. M. A.; Al-Awadie, N. S. T. Continuous flow injection analysis for the photometric determination of Metformin drug via the release of copper (II) ion from charged gel bead crystal. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2013, 54(1), 17-26. https://www.iasj.net .

Nagam, S. Turkey; Ahmed, F. K. Determination of ciprofloxacin-HCl in pharmaceutical formulations by continuous flow injection analysis via turbidimetric (T180o) and scattered light effect at two opposite position (2N90o) using Ayah 4SW-3D-T180-2N90-Solar-CFI analyser. Journal of Kerbala University, 2013, 11(4), 153-169. https://www.iasj.net .

Issam, M.A. Shakir; Nagam, S. Turkey. Flow injection analysis for the photometric determination of promethazine-HCl in pure and pharmaceutical preparation via oxidation by persulphate using Ayah 3SX3-3D solar micro photometer. Journal Baghdad for Science, 2013, 10(4), 1190-1202. https://doi:10.21123/bsj.2013.10.4.1190-1202.

Issam, M. A. Shakir; Basim, I. Al-abdli; Huda, M. N. Continuous flow injection analysis (CFIA) of metformin hydrochloride using microphotmeter equipped with 530 and 550 nm LED. Journal of Al-Nahrain University, 2013, 16(4), 29-36. https://doi:10.22401/JNUS.16.4.04. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.16.4.04

Issam, M. A. Shakir. New mode for the on-line determination of Amiloride in pure and pharmaceutical preparation using CFIA via the use of Linear Array from six LED (Snow white ) with one solar cell in a homemade Ayah 6SX1-T-1D Solar CFI Analyser . Iraqi Journal of Science, 2014, 55(4B), 1708-1720. https://www.iasj.net.

Issam, M.A. Shakir; Mohammad, K.H. New approach for the turbidimetric determination of iron (III) in drug samples of different origins using homemade Linear Array Ayah 5SX1-T-1D-CFI analyser. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2014, 55(3A), 852-864. https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq.

Issam, M. A. Shakir; Mohammad, K. H. New turbidimetric-continuous flow injection analysis method for the determination of chlorpromazine HCl in pharmaceutical preparation using Linear Array Ayah 5SX1-T-1D-CFI analyser. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2014, 55(2B), 594-605. https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq.

Issam, M. A. Shakir; Mohammad, K. H. Novel turbidimetric-continuous flow injection analysis method for the determination of tetracycline HCl in pharmaceutical formulation using homemade Linear Array Ayah 5SX1-T-1D-CFI analyser. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2014, 4(4), 946-957. https://www.researchgate.net.

Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie; Kefah, H. I. New mode for the on-line determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical preparations via the use of homemade Ayah 6SX1-T-2D solar cell CFI analyser. Iraq Journal of Science, 2015, 56(2C), 1533-1552. https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq.

Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie; Kefah, H. I. A new approach for the turbidimetric determination of cyproheptadine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations by using homemade Linear Array Ayah 6SX1-T-2D solar cell CFI analyser. Journal of Kerbala University, 2015, 13(3), 61-80. https://www.researchgate.net.

Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie; Rana, A. K. Flow injection turbidimetric determination of vitamin B1 using LEDs as a source of irradiation and two solar cells as an energy transducer. International Journal of Science and Research, 2017, 6(6), 813-825. https://doi:10.21275/ART20174264.

Issam, M. A. Shakir; Raed F.H. New approach for determination of mebeverine by quenched fluorescence of analytically interested species using continuous flow injection laser diode fluorometer analyser. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2015, 5(4), 725-735. https://www.ijrpc.com.

Nagam, S. T. Al-Awadie; Manhl, H. I. Turbidimetric-flow injection analysis method for the determination of cefotaxime sodium in pharmaceutical drugs using AYAH 6SX1-T-1D CFIA instrument. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2016, 6(4), 891-909. https://www.ijrpc.com.

Nagam, S. T. Al-Awadie; Manhl, H. I. Quantitative determination of Ketotifen fumarate in the pure form and tablets via the use of turbidity by reaction with cerium (IV) sulfate using AYAH 6SX1-T-1D CFIA analyser. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2016, 6(3), 411-431. https://www.ijrpc.com.

Nagam, S. T.; Manhl, H. I. Ketotifen Fumarate determination via the new approach of turbidity formed by the reaction with phosphomolybidic using Ayah 6SX1-T-1D CFI Analyser. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2016, 6 (2), 230-248. https://www.ijrpc.com.

Nagam, S. T. Al-Awadie; Mustafa, K. K. Determination of mefenamic acid using Ce (IV) sulfate as an oxidant reagent via the use of the new mode of irradiation (array of six identical LEDS) and detection (twin solar cells) through turbidity measurement by CFIA. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2016, 6 (2), 271-290. https://www.ijrpc.com.

Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie; Mustafa, K.K. Determination of mefenamic acid using a new mode of irradiation (array of six identical LEDs) and detection (twin solar cells) through turbidity measurement by CFIA. Iraq Journal of Science, 2016, 57 (2B), 1052-1070. https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq.

Nagam, S. T. Al-Awadie; Mustafa, K. K. Continuous flow injection turbidimetric for determination of zinc (II) ion by ion pair complex with mefenamic acid using AYAH 6SX1-ST-2D solar cell CFI analyser. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry, 2016, 6(4), 650-665. https://www.ijrpc.com.

Issam, M. A. Shakir; Raed, F.H. New approach for determination of ciprofloxacin by quenched fluorescence of analytically interested species using continuous flow injection laser diode fluorometer analyser. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2016, 57(1C), 522-533. https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq.

Nagam, S. T. Al-Awadie; Rana, A. K. CFIA-Turbidimetric and photometric determination of vitamin B9 (folic acid) using LEDs as a source of irradiation and two solar cells as an energy transducer. Baghdad Science Journal, 2017, 14(4), 773-786. https:/doi:10.21123/bsj.2017.14.4.0773.

Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie; Hussein, F. A. New mode for long path irradiation and two sided detection for the determination of ibuprofen in pure and pharmaceutical drugs using continuous flow feed via the use of ISNAG fluorimeter instrument. International Journal of Science and Research, 2017, 6(8), 201-216. https://doi:10.21275/ART20175883.

Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie; Rana, A. K. CFIA-Colorimetric assessment and photometric determination of vitamin B9 (folic acid) using LEDs as a source of irradiation and two solar cells as an energy transducer. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2017, 12(5), 10-22. https://www.semanticscholar.org.

Ghadah, F. H. Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of baclofen in pharmaceutical formulations using Prussian blue reaction. Journal of Al-Nahrain University, 2017, 20(1), 17-24. https://anjs.edu.iq. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22401/JNUS.20.1.03

Hayder, Q. M.; Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie. Fluorometric determination of cefotaxime sodium in pharmaceuticals preparation via the quenched of the continuous fluorescence of calcein using a homemade ISNAG- continuous flow injection analyser. International Eurasian Conference on Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2018, 26(27), 259-270. https://www.researchgate.net.

Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie; Hussein, F. A. Continuous flow injection analysis precipitation reaction of ibuprofen with sodium nitro prosside using low pressure mercury lamp tube (UV-light) and detection of diverged scattered lights (visible light) at 2 X 900 using multi solar cells that covers 2 X 100 mm distance of 2 mm path length. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2018, 13(1), 60-75. https://doi:10.9790/3008-1301016075.

Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie; Hussein, F. A. Newly developed method for determination indomethacin using phosphotungstic acid by continuous flow injection analysis via homemade ISNAG – fluorimeter. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2018, 11(2), 25-39. https://doi:10.9790/5736-1102012539.

Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie; Hussein, F. A. Newly developed method for determination indomethacin using potassium hexacyanoferrate by using ISNAG – fluorimeter homemade via CFIA. Journal of Global Pharma Technology, 2018, 10(6), 447-460. https://www.researchgate.net.

Nagam, S.T. Al-Awadie; Hayder, Q. M. New approach for the determination of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and continuous flow injection analysis via ISNAG-fluorimeter. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2019, 11(4), 1563-1570. https://www.researchgate.net .

Elham, N. M.; Nagam, S. T. New method for the evaluation of propranolol with phosphotungstic acid via long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) using continuous flow injection analysis. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2019, 11(4), 42-57. https://doi:10.31838/ijpr/2019.11.04.008.

Nagam, S. T; Elham, N. M. Simple and rapid method for estimate of propranolol with Bi (III) via long-distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) utilization continuous flow injection analysis. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology, 2019, 9(4), 563-574. https://doi:10.25258/ijddt.9.4.9.

Nagam, S. T; Elham, N. M. Assessment of long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) by estimating the drug atenolol with ammonium molybdate via continuous flow injection analysis. Baghdad Science Journal, 2020, 17(1), 78-92. https://doi:10.21123/bsj.2020.17.1.0078.

Elham, N. M.; Nagam, S. T. Assessment of long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2) by estimating the drug atenolol with povidone iodine via CFIA. Ibn Al- Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science, 2020, 33(1), 65-83. https://doi:10.30526/33.1.2383. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30526/33.1.2383

Nagam, S. T; Elham, N. M. Continuous flow injection analysis, turbidmetric and photometric determination of methyldopa drugs using a new long distance chasing photometer (NAG-ADF-300-2). Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2020, 14(4), 1494-1500. https://doi:10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.11810.

Nagham, S.T.; Jalal, N.J. Light scattering detector based on light-emitting diodes-solar cells for a flow analysis of warfarin in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, 2063(1), 1-14. https://doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2063/1/012006.

Ghadah, F. H.; Nagham, S. T. A new continuous flow injection analysis method coupled with NAG-ADF-300-2 analyzer for promethazine-HCl by cadmium iodide as a precipitating reagent. Chemical Methodologies, 2021, 5(6), 498-512. https://doi:10.22034/chemm.2021.138807.

Nagham S. T and Ghadah F. H. Promethazine-HCl determination via CFIA-NAG-ADF-300-2 instrument using phosphomolybdic acid as a precipitating reagent. Asian Journal of green chemistry, 2021, 5, 387-403. https://civilica.com.

Hind, H. Continuous flow injection spectrophotometric determination of mesalazine in pharmaceutical forms. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 2021, 12(2), 202-208. https://www.semanticscholar.org.

Nagam, S.T; Elham, N.M. Newly developed method for determination of methyldopa drug using ammonium ceric (IV) nitrate by continuous flow injection analysis via homemade NAG-ADF-300-2 analyser. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health, 2021, 24(4), 528-533. https://doi:10.36295/ASRO.2021.24460.

Zahraa, D.; Nagham, S.T. New turbidmetric method for determination of cefotaxime sodium in Pharmaceutical drugs using continuous flow injection manifold design with CFTS-Vanadium oxide sulfate system. Chemical Methodologies, 2022, 6(x), 91-102. https://doi:10.22034/chemm.2022.2.2.

Nagham, S.T; Ghadah, F.H. Chlorpromazine-HCl determination via its oxidation with sodium nitrite in sulfanilic acid medium via CFIA technique through long distance chasing photometer NAG-ADF-300-2. Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences, 2022, 5(3), 283-298. https://doi:10.26655/JMCHEMSCI.2022.3.1.

Nagham, S.T.; Ghufran, K. Ciprofloxacin assessment via the formation of precipitate reaction product with ammonium metavanadate as a reagent using ISNAG-fluorimeter. Eurasian Chemical Communications, 2022, 4, 51-65. https://doi:10.22034/ecc.2022.314811.1260.

Bayan, H.; Hind, H. Development of continuous flow injection analysis method for determination of Oxymetazoline and Vancomycin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations. Bull. Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 2022, 36(2), 303-313. https://doi:10.4314/bcse.v36i2.5.

Nagham, S.T.; Jalal, N.J. Flow injection analysis with turbidity detection for the quantitative determination of Mebeverine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations. Baghdad Science Journal, 2022, 19(1), 141-154. https://doi:10.21123/bsj.2022.19.1.0141.

Downloads

Published

20-Jan-2024

Issue

Section

Chemistry

Publication Dates