Enhancing Gas Sensing Performance of TiO2-ZnO nanostructures: Effect of ZnO Concentration
Main Article Content
Abstract
Gas sensors based on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocomposites are considered energy-saving devices that are utilized to find dangerous or harmful gases in an environment. The performance of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensors have been improved by spin-coating a TiO2 and TiO2:ZnO nanocomposite with varying concentrations (90TiO2:10ZnO, 70TiO2:30ZnO, and 50TiO2:50ZnO). To correlate structural properties with gas-sensing behavior, structural and morphological characterization has been done using FESEM, XRD, and EDX. Without any ZnO-specific crystalline phase, TiO2 X-ray diffraction was found to be indexed in the anatase crystalline structure. The ZnO is synthesized in the wurtzite phase with (002) orientation and has a smooth surface, according to the morphologies and crystalline structure of the films, which also indicated the presence of ZnO components with various crystallite sizes and lattice strains. Responses to NO2 are increased by low ZnO content. Additionally, at the average operating temperature of 250 oC, TiO2:ZnO shows a good response.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
licenseTerms
Publication Dates
References
Zhang, Z., et al., Optimizing the gas sensing characteristics of Co-doped SnO2 thin film based hydrogen sensor. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019,785, 819-825.
Nakata, K. ; A. Fujishima, TiO2 photocatalysis: Design and applications. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, 2012, 13(3),169-189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2012.06.001
EGE, G.K.; Hüseyin, Y.; Garip G., A Gas Sensor Design and Heat Transfer Simulation with ZnO and TiO2 Sensing Layers. MANAS Journal of Engineering, 2021, 9(1),37-44.
Lei, Y., Wireless 3D Nanorod Composite Arrays based High Temperature Surface-Acoustic-Wave Sensors for Selective Gas Detection through Machine Learning Algorithms. 2019, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (United States).
Aadim, K.A. ;N.K. Abbas, Synthesis and fabrication of In2O3: CdO nanoparticles for NO2 Gas Sensor. Baghdad Science Journal, 2018,15(3).
Kareem, S.M., Cr2O3: TiO2 Nanostructure Thin Film Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique as NO2 Gas Sensor. Baghdad Science Journal, 2020, 17(1 (Suppl.)) 0329-0329.
Al-Awadi, S.S., et al., Optical and structural properties of titanium dioxide papered by dc magneto-sputtering as a NO2 gas sensor. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2020, 2562-2569.
Al-Taa'y, W.A. ; Hasan, B.A. Design and Fabrication of Nanostructure TiO2 Doped NiO as A Gas Sensor for NO2 Detection. Iraqi Journal of Science, 2021,4385-4396.
Padvi, M., et al., A critical review on design and development of gas sensing materials. Engineered Science, 2021,15,20-37.
Tu, Y., et al., Light-addressable potentiometric sensors using ZnO nanorods as the sensor substrate for bioanalytical applications. Analytical chemistry, 2018, 90(14), 8708-8715.
Shao, D., et al., High quality ZnO–TiO2 core–shell nanowires for efficient ultraviolet sensing. Applied surface science, 2014, 314, 872-876. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.06.182
Giannakopoulou, T., et al., Optical and photocatalytic properties of composite TiO2/ZnO thin films. Catalysis Today, 2014, 230, 174-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.10.003
Habib, M.A., et al., Synthesis and characterization of ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposites and their application as photocatalysts. International Nano Letters, 2013,3(1), 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2228-5326-3-5
Mang, A. ; Reimann, K.Band gaps, crystal-field splitting, spin-orbit coupling, and exciton binding energies in ZnO under hydrostatic pressure. Solid state communications, 1995,94(4), 251-254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(95)00054-2
Bhati, V.S.; Hojamberdiev, M.; Kumar, M.Enhanced sensing performance of ZnO nanostructures-based gas sensors: A review. Energy Reports, 2020, 6, 46-62.
Kheiri, F., et al., The microstructure, optical and gas sensing properties of bilayer TiO2/ZnO systems in terms of annealing temperature. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2021, 121,105462.
Choi, W.S., et al., Optical and structural properties of ZnO/TiO2/ZnO multi-layers prepared via electron beam evaporation. Vacuum, 2009, 83(5), 878-882. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2008.09.006
Tian, J., et al., Preparation and characterization of TiO2, ZnO, and TiO2/ZnO nanofilms via sol–gel process. Ceramics International, 2009,35(6), 2261-2270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2008.12.010
Khalili, S., et al., Investigation of the lattice defects density and optical characteristics for the anatase phase of titanium dioxide nanocrystalline films. Applied Physics A, 2019, 125(9), 1-11.
Li, Z., et al., Resistive-type hydrogen gas sensor based on TiO2: A review. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(45), 21114-21132.
Kusdianto, K., et al. ZnO-TiO2 nanocomposite materials: fabrication and its applications. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021. IOP Publishing.
Viezbicke, B.D., et al., Evaluation of the Tauc method for optical absorption edge determination: ZnO thin films as a model system. physica status solidi (b), 2015, 252(8),1700-1710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201552007