A Morphological and Anatomical Study of Tamarix aphylla (Tamaricaceae) in Iraq Central Region
Main Article Content
Abstract
The Tamarix aphylla is a wild perennial shrub with erect stems that are long and glabrous. They have leaves that are simple, alternate, sheathed, and the apex of the blade is acuminate. And a scaly clawed bract and the the inflorescences were simple, spike-like. The pistil consists of ovary pyramidal, 3 styles, and 3 stigmas. The androecium consists of five stamens that are antisepalous. The perianth was distinct with five sepals and five petals. The fruits were capsule-shaped, pyramidal, and smooth. The seed has an apical pappus of unicellular hygroscopic hairs; endosperm is absent. The anatomical study of the leaves contained a uniseriate epidermis consisting of one layer of elongated cells covered by a layer of papillary cuticle. The upper epidermis cells are larger than the lower epidermis cells, and the stomata were anomocytic. The mesophyll consists of one layer of palisade cells and several layers of irregular, spongy cells. The stem epidermis is uniseriate, which is a single row of circular to ovate cells covered by a layer of papillary cuticle. The cortex is composed of two tissues, collenchyma and parenchyma; lamellate collenchyma tissue consists of 1-2 layers of cells; and parenchyma tissue consists of several layers of cells. The vascular bundle was ovate. The pith tissue consisted of circular parenchyma cells that were thin-walled and occupied the central part of the stem.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
licenseTermsHow to Cite
Publication Dates
References
Orfali, R.S.; Ebada, S.S.; El-Shafae, A.M.; Al-Taweel, A.M. and Lin, W.H. 3-O-trans-caffeoylisomyricadiol: A new triterpenoid from Tamarix nilotica growing Arabia. Z Naturforsch 2009, C 64, 637-643.
Gaskin, J.F. and Shafroth, P.B. Hybridization of Tamarix ramosissima and T. chinensis (Saltcedars) with T. aphylla (Athel) (Tamaricaceae) in the USA Determined from DNA Sequence Data. Madrono 2005; 52, 1-9.
Baum, B.R. The genus Tamarix. Israel Acad. Sci. Humanities. J. Israel. 1978; 209.
Zohary, M. Tamarix. in: Zohary, M. (ed.), Flora Palaestina vol 2. Israel Acad. Sci. and Humanities. Jerusalem 1972; 351–364.
Villar, J.L.; Juan, A. and Alonso, M.A. Tamarix hohenackeri Bunge, a new record for the flora of Mexico. Acta Botanica Mexicana. 2014; 106, 117–128.
Qaiser, M. The genus Tamarix Linn. (Tamaricaceae) in Pakistan. Pakistan J. Bot., 1981; 13, 107–158.
Zohary, M. Tamarix L. In: Zohary, M. ed. Flora Palaestina vol. 2 . Israel Acad. Sci. Human. Jerusalem, 1987; 350–362.
Townsend, C.; Guest, E. Flora of Iraq. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Baghdad 1980; 4, 1, 627.
Liddell, H. G. and Scott, R. A Greek English Lexicon. Oxford university press. Oxford, UK. 1980, 1705.
Zhang, Y.; Pan, B.; Yin, L.; Yang, W.; Zhang, D. the research history of the family Tamaricaceae . Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica. 2001; 21, 4, 796–804.
Sultanova, N.; Makhmoor, T.; Abilov, Z.A.; Parween, Z. and Omurkamzinova, V.B. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Tamarix ramosissima. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 78, 201-205.
Zain, M.E.; Awaad, A.S.; Al-Outhman, M.R.; El-Meligy, R.M. Antimicrobial Activities of Saudi Arabian Desert Plants. Phytopharmacology 2012, 2, 106-113.
Yusufoglu, H.S.; Al-qasoumi, S.I. Anti-inflammatory and Wound Healing Activities of Herbal Gel Containing an Antioxidant Tamarix aphylla Leaf Extract. Int. J. Pharmacol., 2011; 7, 829–835.
Kamal, M.; Wazir, S.M.; Hassan, M.; Subhan, M.; Khan, S.U. Ethnobotanically Important Plants of District Bannu, Pakistan. Pakistan J. Plant Sci., 2009, 15, 87-93.
Al-Rawi, A.A. Taxonomical Study of Genus Pisum L.(Papiionaceae) in Iraq. MSc. thesis. College of Education – Ibn-Haitham. Baghdad University. 2010, 106.
Johansen, D.A. Plant microtechnique. Mc Craw–Hill Book company. New York. 1940; 523.
Al- Hadethy M. A.; Al-Anbary, A.K. and shalash, H.M. study properties anatomical and pollen grain for plant L. Ricinus communis of Euphorbiaceae in Iraq. Ibn Al-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci. 2016; 28, 3, 1-12.
Huisman, E.R.C.M.; Morales, E.; van Hoof, J.; Kort, H.S.M. Healing environment: A review of the impact of physical environmental factors on users. Building and Environment, 2012; 58, 70-80.
Woolf, S.H.; Aron, L. Physical and social environmental factors. National Research Council (US); Institute of Medicine (US); U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2013; 7.
Al-Rajb, T.A. ; Al- Musawi, A.H. and Al-Ani, W.V. A taxonomic study of the anatomical and chemical characteristics of different species of the cruciferae family in Anbar province. Anbar J. Agric. Sci., 2014; 12, 2, 173- 181.
Sargent, D.J.; Geibel, M.; Hawkins, J.A.; Wilkinson, M.J.; Battey, N.H.; Simpson, D.W. Quantitative and qualitative differences in morphological traits revealed between diploid Fragaria species. Ann. Bot., 2004; 94, 6, 787–796.
22.Al-Dolaemy, F.H.; Al–Musawi, A.H.; Musawi, A.H..A comparative Taxonomic and morphological study of two species of the genus chaenorhinum (D.C) Reichb. (Scrophulariaceae) growing wild in Iraq . Baghdad Sci. J., 2013; 10, 2, 251–260.
Van Den Ende, C.; Puttick, M.; Urrutia, A.; Wills, M. Why should we compare morphological and molecular disparity? Methods Ecol. Evol., 2023; Advance online publication.
Al- Masoudi, R.K. and Al- Dobaissi, I.A. A taxonomic study of species peltariangustifolia DC. From Brassicaceae Family in Iraq. Iraqi J. Sci.. 2022, 63, 12, 5147–5156.
Acosta-Motos, J.R.; Ortuño, M.F.; Bernal-Vicente, A.; Diaz-Vivancos, P.; Sanchez-Blanco, M.J.; Hernandez, J.A. Plant responses to salt stress: adaptive mechanisms. Agronomy, 2017; 7, 18.
Ostroumova, T.; Zakharova, E. The study of crystals in the fruits of some Apiaceae species using energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Int. J. Plant Biol., 2023; 14, 347-360.
Al-Kinany, I.A.; Nazar, M.A. The effect of cutting height above soil and spacing between cuttings of Tamarix aphylla Vahl. on plant growth in Hamman Al-Alil. Mesopotamia J. Agric., 1988; 20, 1, 173-188.
Tambone, F.; Trombino, L.; Masseroli, A.; Zilio, M; Sciarria, T.P.; Daffonchio, D.; Borin, S.; Marasco, R.; Cherif, A.; Adani, F. Contribution of Tamarix aphylla to soil organic matter evolution in a natural semi-desert area in Tunisia. J. Arid Environ., 2022; 196, 104639.
Bencherif, K.; Trodi, F.; Hamidi, M.; Dalpè, Y.; Hadj-Sahraoui, A.L. Biological Overview and Adaptability Strategies of Tamarix Plants, T. articulata and T. gallica to abiotic stress. Funct.Ecol., 2020; 35, 7, 401-433.
Alshehri, S.A.; Wahab, S.; Abullais, S.S.; Das, G.; Hani, U.; Ahmad, W.; Amir, M.; Ahmad, A.; Kandasamy, G.; Vasudevan, R. Pharmacological Efficacy of Tamarix aphylla: A Comprehensive Review. Plants, 2022, 11, 118.