Isolation and Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media in Baghdad

Fatima Rheem  Wadi; Maryam Kareem  Ali

doi:10.30526/38.1.3523

Authors

Fatima Rheem Wadi Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7299-2474
Maryam Kareem Ali Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-9338

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30526/38.1.3523

Keywords:

Otitis media, ear infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiotic sensitivity of ear infection

Abstract

Otitis media is one of the most common types of ear infections, plus bacteria are to blame. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequently diagnosed pathogen causing this infection. P. aeruginosa has virulence factors that lead to damage to the middle ear mucosa. This study was conducted to identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing chronic suppurative otitis media and to determine its antibiotic sensitivity. A total of (100) ear swabs were collected from patients suffering from otitis media attending the ENT outpatient clinic at Baghdad Teaching Hospital from July 2022 till the end of December 2022. Age range was (18-75) years. Identification of bacteria and biochemical testing and antibiotic sensitivity test of the bacteria spp. were detection of 18 antibiotics for different types were carried out using the VITEK 2 automated system. The study showed the results as follows: Eighty positive cases, distributed among 32 (40%) males and 48 (60%) females. About 25% of patients are between 48-57 years old and 58-67 years old, respectively. A total of 55 patients (68.75%) were from urban areas, and 25 patients (31.25%) were from rural areas .With regard to the antibiotic susceptibility profile, the data showed that the most effective antibiotics were colistin(77%) Ceftazidime(55%) ,Cefepime(45%), Imipenem (42%), highest resistance percentages of strains to tested antibiotics was for Ceftoriaxone , Cefpodoxime (100%) and the lowest resistant percentages was (22.5%) for colistin Females were more likely to develop otitis media, and the prevalence appeared to be higher among the elderly. Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents the most implicated bacterial pathogen associated with this infection. colistin is the most effective antibiotic and can be considered as the drug of choice against P. aeruginosa.

Author Biographies

Fatima Rheem Wadi, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

.
Maryam Kareem Ali, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

.

References

Khudair AN. Detection of the antiseptic resistance gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Iraqi J Sci. 2021;62(1). https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.7.

Razzaq AHA. Bacteriological and molecular study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from different clinical cases in Erbil and Kurkuk. Iraq J Vet Med. 2017;41(2). https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i2.61.

Head K, Chong LY, Bhutta MF, Morris PS, Vijayasekaran S, et al. Topical antiseptics for chronic suppurative otitis media. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;1(36). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013055.pub2.

Sarhan SR. Activity of isolated specific bacteriophage in treatment of chronic osteomyelitis induced by multiple drug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbits. Iraq J Vet Med. 2017;41(2). https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i2.64.

Ruiz-Garbajosa P, Cantón R. Epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Implications for empiric and definitive therapy. 2017;30(1). http://hdl.handle.net/10261/200420.

Kim HS, Park BK, Koo Kim S, Han SB, Lee JW, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in febrile neutropenic children and adolescents with the impact of antibiotic resistance. 2017;17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2597-0.

Saleh RM. Detection of exoA and oprD genes expression in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1st international & 4th local conference for pure science. 2021;2475(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0103074.

Ponce de Leon A, Merchant S, Raman G, Avendano E, Chan J, et al. Pseudomonas infections among hospitalized adults in Latin America: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;1(12). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-04973-0.

Akhlas Na'ama Khudair. Detection of the antiseptic resistance gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Iraqi J Sci. 2021;62(1). https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.1.7.

Garcia-Clemente M, de la Rosa D, Máiz L, Girón R, Blanco M, et al. Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases. J Clin Med. 2020;9(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123800.

Atiyah SAZ, Abbas AO, Abdulhadi BN. Comparative study for antibiotic susceptibility against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from otitis media through several years in Thi-Qar Province/Iraq. 2021;16(3). https://doi.org/10.32792/utq/utj/vol16/3/3.

Hadi AA, Khammas AH, Alsaeed WMA. Bacteriological study of chronic suppurative otitis media. Diyala J Med. 2020;19(1). https://doi.org/10.26505/DJM.19015680920.

Fadhel ZA, Hamim SS. The frequency and sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among otitis media patients in Nasiriyah city. SEP Univ Thi-Qar J. 2019;14(3). https://doi.org/10.56286/ntujps.v3i1.

Deshmukh KA, Manthale D. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from chronic suppurative otitis media. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;3(1). https://doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20164494.

Breidenstein E, Fuente-Nunez C, Hancock R. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: All roads lead to resistance. Trends Microbiol. 2011;19(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2011.04.005.

Lorusso AB, Carrara JA, Barroso CDN, Tuon FF, Faoro H. Role of efflux pumps on antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(24):15779. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415779.11.

Al-Saffar MF, Jarallah EM. Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Babylon province. Biochem Cell Arch. 2019;19(1). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10779.72481.

Al-Zaidi JR. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical and hospital environmental samples in Nasiriyah, Iraq. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2016;10(2). https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2016.8042.

Dash C, Sahu S, Sinha S, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in burn infections and its antimicrobial resistance. J Evid Based Med Healthc. 2019;6(26). https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2019/361.

Al-Buaiji AKH. Molecular study of parC and gyrA genes of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens. MSc thesis, Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Post Graduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. 2019. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2742082/v1.

AL-Mayyahi AWJ, AL-Hashimy A, Alawadi K. Detection of (exoT, exoY, exoS and exoU) genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate from different clinical sources. Iraq J Biotechnol. 2018;17(1). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342872603.

Morita Y, Tomidal J, Kawamura Y. Responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobials. Microbiology. 2014;4(18). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00422.

Haran OH. Detection of β-lactam resistance genes isolated from some clinical infections. MSc thesis, College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiya, Al-Qadisiya, Iraq. 2012. https://doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v11n2y2021.pp87-94.

Al-Doory IAH. A diagnostic study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from contaminated burns and wounds using cultural and molecular methods. MSc thesis, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. 2012. https://doi.org/10.47134/mpk.v1i2.3124.

Ammar Adnan Hadi. Bacteriological study of chronic suppurative otitis media. 2020;2(19). https://www.djm.uodiyala.edu.iq/index.php/djm/article.

Gailiene G, Pavilonis A, Kareiviene V. The peculiarities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to antibiotics and prevalence of serogroups. Medicina. 2007;43(1). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17.

Zoghlami A, Kanzari L, Boukadida J, Messadi AA, Ghanem A. Epidemiological profile and antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in burn and traumatology center in Tunisia over a three-year period. La Tunisie Médicale. 2012;9(80). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2319.

Ullah F, Malik SA, Ahmed J. Antimicrobial susceptibility and ESBL prevalence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn patients in the northwest of Pakistan. Burns. 2017;35(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2009.01.005.

Pang Z, Raudonis R, Glick BR, Lin TJ, Cheng Z. Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies. Biotechnol Adv. 2019;37(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.013.

Diggle PS, Whiteley M. Microbe profile: Pseudomonas aeruginosa: opportunistic pathogen and lab rat. Microbiology. 2020;166

Qin S, Xiao W, Zhou C, Pu Q, Deng X, Lan L, Liang H, Song X, Wu M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-01056-1