Molecular detection of the hpmA and ureA genes in clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates

Rosa Kareem Shameel; Marwa  Hameed M. Alkhafaji

doi:10.30526/38.1.3545

Authors

Rosa Kareem Shameel Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2448-5650
Marwa Hameed M. Alkhafaji Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-6231

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30526/38.1.3545

Keywords:

Proteus mirabilis, virulence, urease, Swarming, hemolysin

Abstract

Proteus mirabilis is one of the most common Gram-negative bacteria that can cause UTIs. The purpose of this research was to identify virulence genes in P. mirabilis strains obtained from the urine of Iraqi patients diagnosed with urinary tract infections. From October 2022 to February 2023, AL-Imam Ali Hospital collected 100 urine specimens from patients exhibiting symptoms and signs of UTI. All specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics on media of culture like pale, non-lactose ferment colonies on MaCconkey agar, swarming on blood agar, and salmonella shigella agar for hydrogen sulfide production, more diagnosed via utilizing molecular detection and the VITEK system, giving positive results for twenty P. mirabilis isolates. The (ureA, hpmA) gene detection results revealed the presence of ureA in 18 cases(90%), and hpmA in 17 cases (85%). The molecular technique showed that the ureA and hpmA genes associated with virulence factor hemolysin (hpmA) and urease (ureA) genes are necessary for causing urinary tract infections

Author Biographies

Rosa Kareem Shameel, Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Marwa Hameed M. Alkhafaji, Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

References

Mordi RM. , Momoh MI. Incidence of Proteus species in wound infections and their sensitivity pattern in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2009; 8(5): 725-730 https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2009.000-9123

Hassoon SJ. , Mohamed WM. , Mohsen A. Isolation and Identification of Proteus bacteria from mouth and nose of human and animals with studying the Sensitivity to ethanol: aqueous extracts of pomegranate peel and Lantana cammara leaves. Journal of Education and Scientific Studies. 2021; 3(17).

Salumi ZN., Abood ZH. Phenotypic Diagnosis of Efflux Pump of Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections. Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology. 2022; 21(2):21-31.

Schaffer JN., Pearson MM .Proteus mirabilis and urinary tract infections. Microbiology Spectrum. 2015; 3.

Al-obaidi SA. , Al-Hashimy AB. Molecular Screening for luxs and pm1Virulence Genes of Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Iraqi Urinary Tract Infection Patients. Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology. 2022; 21(2):499-504.

Abbas KF. , Al Khafaji JK. , Al-Shukri MS . Molecular detection of some virulence genes in Proteus mirabilis isolated from hillaprovince. International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences. 2015; 3: 85–89.

Morgenstein RM. , Szostek B. , Rather PN .Regulation of gene expression during swarmer cell differentiation in Proteus mirabilis. FEMS Microbiology Reviews. 2010; 5(34): 753–763.

Rózalski A., Sidorczyk Z. , Kotełko K. Potential virulence factors of Proteus bacilli. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1997; 61:65–89. https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.61.1.65-89.1997

Legnani-Fajardo C., Zunino P., Piccini C. , Allen A. , Maskell D. Defined mutants of Proteus mirabilis lacking flagella cause ascending urinary tract infection in mice. Microb Pathog 1996; 21:395–405.

Armbruster CD. , Mobley HLT. , Pearson MM .Pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis infection. EcoSal Plus. 2018; 8(1) . https://doi.org/10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0009-2017

Cestari SE. , Ludovico MS. , Martins FH.S. , da Rocha PD. ,Elias WP. , Pelayo JS. Molecular detection of HpmA and HlyA hemolysin of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis. Current Microbiology. 2013; 67(8): 703–707. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-013-0423-5

Al-Ani DA. ,Abdullah AH. Molecular Detection of locally Bacillus cereus isolated from Bovine milk. Current Research in Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2017;5(5): 1233-1238.

Hara CM. , Brenner FW. , Miller JM. Classification, identification, and clinical significance of Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella. Clinical Microbiol. 2000;13(4):534-546. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.13.4.534-546.2000

Ismail HY., Ijah UJ., Riskuwa M.L., Allamin II. Biodegradation of spent engine oil by bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of legumes grown in contaminated soil. International Journal of Environment. 2014;3(2):63-75.

Al-obaidi SA. ,Al-Hashimy AB. Molecular Detection of (Urec, Mrpa, HpmA) Genes in Proteus mirabilis Bacteria Isolated From Patients .Hospital Medicine. 2023;90(1):716-720.

Husain MF., Kandala NJ. Isolation and Identification of Salmonella spp. Using Molecular and Phenotypic Methodes. Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology. 2022;21(2):550-560.

Fox-Moon SM., Shirtliff ME. Urinary tract infections caused by Proteus mirabilis. In Molecular Medical Microbiology. 2015: 1389-1400,Academic Press.

Jabur MH., AL-Saedi EA., Trad JK . Isolation of Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris from different clinical sources and study of some virulence factors. J. of Bab. Univ. pure and applied sciences. 2013;21(1):43-48.

Al-Duliami AA., Nauman NG. , Hasan ARS. , Al-Azawi ZH. Virulence factors of Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients otitis media in Baquba and it’s peripheries. Diyala journal of Medicine. 2011; 1(1):.69-75.

Filipiak A. , Chrapek M., Literacka E., Wawszczak M., Głuszek S., Majchrzak M., Adamus-Białek W. Pathogenic factors correlate with antimicrobial resistance among clinical Proteus mirabilis strains. Frontiers in microbiology. 2020; 11, 579389.

Hezam AM. Molecular characterization of Proteus mirabilis virulence factors isolated from patients with otitis media in Diwaniyah, Iraq. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Pure Science. 2021;26(5): 11-22..

Barbour EK., Hajj ZG., Hamadeh S., Shaib HA., Farran MT., Araj G.,Faroon O., Barbour KE., Jirjis F., Azhar E. , Kumosani T. Comparison of phenotypic and virulence genes characteristics in human and chicken isolates of Proteus mirabilis. Pathogens and global health. 2012;106(6): 352-357.

ABID ASAAJ. , ABBAS FM. Molecular assessments of Proteus mirabilis virulence factors isolated from urinary tract infection patients. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2018; 10(4).

Ali HH. , Yousif MG. Detection of some virulence factors genes of Proteus mirablis that isolated from urinary tract infection. IJAR. 2015; 3(1):156-163.

AL-Oqaili NA., AL-Shebli MK., Almousawi AN. Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization for some virulence factors of Proteus mirabilis isolated from patients in Al-Qadisiyah Province/Iraq. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences. 2017, Dec 30; 16(2):1-7.

Johnson DI. , Johnson DI. Proteus spp. Bacterial Pathogens and Their Virulence Factors 2018:317-323.

Khalaf TT., AL-Hashimy AB. Molecular Identification of Klebsiella pneumonia Isolated from UTI Patientsin Al-Anbar Governorate and Study Its Antibiotic Resistance and determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Flaxseed Oil. Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology. 2022;21(2):612-622.

Al-obaidi SA. , Al-Hashimy AB. Molecular Detection of (Urec, Mrpa, HpmA) Genes in Proteus mirabilis Bacteria Isolated From Patients with Urinary Tract Infection. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2023;90(1): 716-720.

Al-mayhi FS. Phenotypic and Molecular detection of Virulence factors in Proteus mirabilis isolated from different clinical sources. Basrah Journal of Veteirnary Research.2017;16(1): 369-388

Sanches MS., Silva LC., Silva CRD. , Montini VH., Oliva BHDD.,Guidone GH.M.;Nogueira, MCL.,Menck-Costa MF., Kobayashi RKT.,Vespero EC. , Rocha SPD. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Relationship in ESBL/AmpC-Producing Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Meat Products and Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection (UTI-CA) in Southern Brazil. Antibiotics. 2023; 12(2): 370.

Lazm A., Jebur M. , Alomashi G. Sequencing of HpmA Gene in Proteus mirabilis of UTIs among rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Pharm Sci Res. 2018;10(2):265- 71.

Al-Hamdani H., Al-Hashimy A. Molecular detection of UREC, HPMA, RSBA AND MRPA genes of Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infection in patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science. 2020;51:245-51.

Abed MK. ,Shareef HK. Isolation and Molecular Identification of Proteus mirabilis isolated from hospitals in the capital Baghdad. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2021;15(1):.2216-2223.