Molecular Characterization of algD and TspE4.C2 Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection Patients

Zahraa Jamaal Al -Deen M. Shafeeq A.ALateef  AL-Badri; Souad Khalil Ibrahim

doi:10.30526/38.3.3652

Authors

Zahraa Jamaal Al -Deen M. Shafeeq A.ALateef AL-Badri Department of Biology, Collage of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham) ,University of Baghdad/Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5412-1137
Souad Khalil Ibrahim Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al- Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1526-1682

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30526/38.3.3652

Keywords:

Escherichia coli, urinary tract infection, Molecular characterization

Abstract

The current study collected 157 clinical samples from Iraqi patients suffering from urinary tract infections at various Baghdad hospitals, including Medical City/Educational Laboratories, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Imamin Al-Kadhimiya Hospital, and the Central Children's Hospital in Baghdad, from 27 November 2022 to 11 January 2023. We identified and tested the formation of biofilms, which led to the detection of two genes, algD and TspE4.C2. Vitek 2 confirmed the final diagnosis after a biochemical and microscopic examination of 11 selected E. coli isolates. The Congo red method has detected the bacterial vulnerability to form biofilms. he findings of this study showed that all selected bacterial isolates formed the biofilm with a moderate degree (11 (100%)). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified the algD and TspE4.C2 genes, demonstrating their significant role in biofilm production. The polymerase chain reaction results revealed the presence of the algD gene in 9 (81.8%) out of 11 isolates, while the TspE4.C2 gene was present in 10 (90.9%) isolates

Author Biographies

Zahraa Jamaal Al -Deen M. Shafeeq A.ALateef AL-Badri , Department of Biology, Collage of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al-Haitham) ,University of Baghdad/Iraq.

Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al- Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Souad Khalil Ibrahim, Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al- Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al- Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

References

1. Gomes TA, Elias WP, Scaletsky IC, Guth BE, Rodrigues JF, Piazza RM, Martinez MB. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Braz J Microbiol. 2016;47:3–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.003.

2. Abdulsalam AA, Saleh MK. Effect of colicin from E. coli product on some species of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections. J Educ Sci Stud. 2021;3:17.

3. AL-Nasrawi MM, AL-Hashimy AB. Molecular study of some virulence genes of Escherichia coli isolated from women with urinary tract infection in Al-Najaf City. Iraqi J Biotechnol. 2020;3:19.

4. Sarowska J, Futoma-Koloch B, Jama-Kmiecik A, Frej-Madrzak M, Ksiazczyk M, Bugla-Ploskonska G, Choroszy-Krol I. Virulence factors, prevalence and potential transmission of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different sources: recent reports. Gut Pathog. 2019;11:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-019-0290-0.

5. Mohammed RK, Ibrahim AA. Distribution of dfrA1 and cat1 antibiotic resistance genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from teen pregnant women in Iraq. Iraqi J Sci. 2022;63:3340–3353. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2022.63.12.5.

6. Hammadi AH, Yaseen NN, Al-Mathkhury HJ. Molecular detection of some β-lactamases genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Iraqi J Sci. 2015;56(3A):1925–1931.

7. Pirko EY, Ali MR, MR N. The relationship between phylogenic typing and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for Escherichia coli isolated from UTIs at many hospitals in Baghdad City. Nurs Natl Iraqi Spec. 2017;30(2):1–2. https://injns.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/INJNS/article/view/275.

8. Altaee AJ, Aldabbagh SY. Molecular identification of virulence genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from fish (Cyprinus carpio) in Mosul City. Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2022;36(4):953–958. https://doi.org/10.33899/ijvs.2022.132967.2207.

9. Mohamad LS. The effect of alcoholic extracts of Zingiber officinale anti-E. coli isolates isolated from urinary tract infection. Iraqi J Sci. 2019;60(10):2136–2140. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2019.60.10.18.

10. Faisal ZG, Al-Bakiri GH, Attawi FA. Role of plasmids in antibiotic resistance for E. coli strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infection. J Educ Sci Stud. 2013;1(1).

11. Al-Ganimi A, Al-Khafaji J. Some virulence factors genes and phylogenic groups of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from Karbala patients. Kerbala J Med. 2016;9(1):2376–2385.

12. Sharma G, Sharma S, Sharma P, Chandola D, Dang S, Gupta S, Gabrani R. Escherichia coli biofilm: development and therapeutic strategies. J Appl Microbiol. 2016;121(2):309–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.13174.

13. Hamady DR, Ibrahim SK. The study on ability of Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical cases to biofilm formation and detection of csgD gene responsible for produce curli (fimbriae). Biochem Cell Arch. 2020;20(2): 5553-5557.

14. Hussain A, Saleh M. Determination of phylogenetic groups and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for Escherichia coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infection. J Coll Educ Pure Sci. 2019;9(1):71–81. http://doi.org/10.32792/utq.jceps.09.01.08.

15. Sultan AM, Nabiel Y. Tube method and Congo red agar versus tissue culture plate method for detection of biofilm production by uropathogens isolated from midstream urine: which one could be better?. Afr J Clin Exp Microbiol. 2019;20(1):60–66. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v20i1.10.

16. Karagoz A, Artun FT, Özcan G, Melikoğlu G, Anıl S, Kültür Ş, Sütlüpınar N. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of some plant methanol extracts. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2015;29(6):1184–1189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2015.1053143.

17. Aljeboury GH. A comparative study of amoxicillin sensitivity against Escherichia coli isolates isolated from urinary tract infections. Iraqi J Sci. 2017;58(2B):417–426. https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/view/6115.

18. Olowe OA, Adefioye OJ, Ajayeoba TA, Schiebel J, Weinreich J, Ali A, Schierack P. Phylogenetic grouping and biofilm formation of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolates from humans, animals and food products in South-West Nigeria. Sci Afr. 2019;6:e00158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00158.

19. Ali SA, Al-Dahmoshi HO. Detection of efflux pumps gene and relation with antibiotics resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from patients with cystitis. Iraqi J Sci. 2022;63(5):2388–2397. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2022.63.5.26.

20. Raoof MAJ, Fayidh MA. Molecular study to detect blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in ESβL Escherichia coli and their antimicrobial resistance profile. J Phys Conf Ser. 2021;1879(2):022051. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1879/2/022051.

21. Barzan M, Rad M, Tabar GH, Azizzadeh M. Phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy and diarrhoeic calves in Mashhad, Iran. Bulg J Vet Med. 2017;20(1):59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.952.

22. Raoof MAJ, Fayidh MA. Investigation of biofilm formation efficiency in ESβLs of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2022;12(2):695–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.2.41.

23. Alrekaby SM, Alwendawi SA. In vitro evaluation of inhibitory activity of enteric Bifidobacterium isolates against Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) O157:H7. Iraqi J Sci. 2014;55(3A):999–1005. https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/view/11370.

24. Javed S, Mirani ZA, Pirzada ZA. Phylogenetic group B2 expressed significant biofilm formation among drug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Libyan J Med. 2021;16(1):1927483. https://doi.org/10.1080/19932820.2021.1927483.

25. Ra'oof WAM. Distribution of algD, lasB, pilB and nan1 genes among MDR clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in respect to site of infection. Tikrit Med J. 2011;17(2):1–9.

26. Salah Al-Deen H, Ibrahim SK. Study the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical cases to biofilm formation and detection of algD gene. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2022;16(1):1368–1374. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v16i1.17683.

27. Abdul Razzaq AH, Al-Kubaisi AWB, Aziz LM, Hussain AS. Bacteriological and molecular study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from different clinical cases in Erbil and Kurkuk. Iraqi J Vet Med. 2018;41(2):124–130. https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v41i2.61.

28. Ebraheem AA, Alwendawi SA. Screening for in vitro biofilm formation ability of locally isolated uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Iraqi J Sci. 2015;56(2B):1310–1314. https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/view/10081.

29. Gordon DM, Clermont O, Tolley H, Denamur E. Assigning Escherichia coli strains to phylogenetic groups: multi‐locus sequence typing versus the PCR triplex method. Environ Microbiol. 2008;10(10):2484–2496. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01669.x.

30. Abdul-Razzaq MS, Abdul-Lateef LA. Molecular phylogeny of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples in Hilla, Iraq. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011;10(70):15783–15787. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.1019/