Chitosan Reinforced Polyvinyl Alcohol and Nanoparticles Treatment to Promote Skin Wound Healing in Diabetes Induced Mouse Model

Authors

Huda R. Kttafah Department of Physics, Ministry of Education, Directorate General of Education Rusafa 2, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9934-1572
Hanaa S. Mahmood Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Science, (Ibn Al-Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3755-1298
Hussein N. Olewi Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Mechanical Engineering, University of Karabuk, Karabuk, Türkiye. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2162-5787

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30526/37.4.3808

Keywords:

Chitosan/PVA, nanoparticles, skin healing, diabetes.

Abstract

A group of mice were captured. We divided the 3-month-old mice into groups. We limited each group to a specific type of treatment, using different components of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) in various proportions. The control group was left untreated. We stimulated her diabetes with injections of the substance alloxan, which led to the development of her condition. It was left for three days after the injection of this substance, and then the diabetes was checked with a diabetes testing device until all the required mice were infected with diabetes. Next, they removed the hair from the mouse's top and used a special tool, a ring with a diameter of 8 mm, to cut the skin. During the work, they used two types of anesthetics: ketamine and xylazine. The ketamine relaxes her muscles and causes her death, so she abandoned the xylazine and relied solely on the first type. The percentage of the anesthetic substance injected depends on its weight. Therefore, we created an incision on the mouse. Then I began treating the wounds: the first group with 100% AgNPs, the second group with 100% AuNPs, and the third group with samples of a mixture of AgNPs and AuNPs at a ratio of 50% each. The fourth and final group remained without treatment. With a weekly checkup for diabetes. The treatment entailed applying the sample to the wound and adhering it with a medical adhesive, periodically replacing it. After the second week of treatment, some of the wounds began to heal. By the end of the fourth week, it had completely healed. The group that was treated with the mixed samples had the best and fastest recovery and wound healing among the rest of the samples, followed by the mixture samples.

References

Sadiq K.; Mahmood, H.S. Enhancement of Antibacterial Activity of Face Mask with Gold Nanoparticles. Ibn al-Haitham J Pure Appl Sci. 2022, 35(3), 25-31. https://doi.org/10.30526/35. 3.2844

Karle, P.P.; Dhawale, S.C.; Mandade, R.J.; Navghare, V.V. Screening of Manilkara zapota (L) P. Royen stem bark ethanolic extract for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition, preliminary antidiabetic effects, and improvement of diabetes and its complications in alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Bull. Natl. Res. Cent. 2022, 46(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-022-00783-3

Hofbauer, L.C. Bone fragility in diabetes: novel concepts and clinical implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2022, 23, 45-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00347-8

Tice, M.J.; Bailey, S.; Sroga, G.E.; Gallagher, E.J.; Vashishth, D. Non‐obese mkr mouse model of type 2 diabetes reveals skeletal alterations in mineralization and material properties,. JBMR plus. 2022, 6(2), 10583, https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm4.10583

Khosla, S.; Samakkarnthai, P.; Monroe, D.G.; Farr, J.N. Update on the pathogenesis and treatment of skeletal fragility in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol 2021, 17(11), 685–697. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00555-5

Jbrael, Y.J.; Hamad, B.K. An Investigation into the Effects of Ubiquinone on Inflammation, Diabetic Myopathy and Endotheliopathy, and CBC Parameters in Diabetic Rats. Ibn AL-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci. 2023, 36(2), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.30526/36.2.2976

Djabir, Y.Y. Artocarpus altilis leaf extract protects pancreatic islets and improves glycemic control in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J. Reports Pharm. Sci. 2021, 10(1), 87-99. https://DOI:10.4103/ jrptps.JRPTPS5720

Kabach, I. Phytochemical profile and antioxidant capacity, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Oxalis pes-caprae extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Biomed. Pharmacother 2023, 160, 114393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114393

Fadhil, I.N.; Al-Sarraf, A.R. Preparation and characterization of plastic wood from cellulosic residues. Ibn AL-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci. 2023, 36(4),197–206. https://doi.org/10.30526/36.4.3230

Ahmed, E.; Alaubydi, M.A. A Comparative Correlation between the Oral Microbiome of Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Individuals and their Relation with Some Demographic Parameters. Ibn AL-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci. 2023, 36(4), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.30526/36.4.3133

Ayatollahi, S.A. Antidiabetic Activity of Date Seed Methanolic Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Pak. Vet. J. 2019, 39(4). 23-34. https://DOI:10.29261/pakvetj/2019.099

Arora, D.; Taylor, E.A.; King, K.B.; Donnelly, E. Increased tissue modulus and hardness in the TallyHO mouse model of early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLOS One. 2023, 18(7), 287825, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287825.

Onyibe, P.N.; Edo, G.I.; Nwosu, L.C.; Ozgor, E. Effects of Vernonia amygdalina fractionate on glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase on alloxan-induced diabetes Wistar rat. Biocatal. Agric. Biotechnol 2021, 36, 102118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102118

Al-Saadi, T.M. Investigating the Structural and Magnetic Properties of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared by Precipitation Method. Ibn Al-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci. 2022, 35(4), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.30526/35.4.2872

Ribeiro, M.C. Wound healing treatment using insulin within polymeric nanoparticles in the diabetes animal model. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2020, 150, 105330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105330.

Mahmood, H.S.; Jawad, M.K. Investigation of Chitosan/PEO Reinforced with AgNPs for Antibacterial Activity Prepared by Solution Casting Method. Ann. Trop. Med. Public Heal 2019, 22(9), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2019.220910

Eckhardt, B.A. Accelerated osteocyte senescence and skeletal fragility in mice with type 2 diabetes,” JCI insight 2020, 5(9). 34-45. https://doi:10.1172/jci.insight.135236

Ju, S.; Zhang, F.; Duan, J.; Jiang, J. Characterization of bacterial cellulose composite films incorporated with bulk chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles: A comparative study. Carbohydr. Polym 2020, 237, 116167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116167.

Fadhel, A.Q.; Jassim, W.H. Fabrication of Natural Gelcoats (Epoxy/Pumpkin Peels Fibers) Composites with High Mechanical and Thermal Properties. Ibn AL-Haitham J. Pure Appl. Sci. 2022, 35(4), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.30526/35.4.2876

Garcia, C.E.G.; Martínez, F.A.S.; Bossard, F.; Rinaudo, M. Biomaterials based on electro spun chitosan. Relation between processing con DOI conditions and mechanical properties Polymers 2018, 10(3), 23-34. https://doi:10.3390/polym10030257

Mahmood, H.S.; Habubi, N.F. Preparation of samarium doped- PMMA composite by casting method to evaluate the optical properties and potential applications. J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 2023, 25(2), 56–61.

Gao, Y.; Wu, Y. Recent advances of chitosan-based nanoparticles for biomedical and biotechnological applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol 2022, 203, 379–388. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.ijbiomac.2022.01.162.

Labre, J.E.; Sroga, G.E.; Tice, M.J.L.; Vashishth, D. Induction and rescue of skeletal fragility in a high-fat diet mouse model of type 2 diabetes: An in vivo and in vitro approach. Bone. 2022, 156, 116302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2021.116302.

Khesro, F.S.; Mahmood, H.S. Enhancement of Antibacterial Efficiency of Face Masks Using Metal Nanoparticles. J. Pharm. Negative. Results 2022, 13(3), 178–182. https://doi:10.47750/pnr. 2022.13.03.028

Mahmood, H.S.; Habubi, N.F. Structural, mechanical and magnetic properties of PVA-PVP: iron oxide nanocomposite. Appl. Phys. A. 2022, 128(11), 956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-06107

Mahmood, H.S.; Jawad, M.K. Antibacterial activity of chitosan/PAN blend prepared at different ratios. in AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC. 2019, 34, 20078. https://doi.org /10.1063/1.5138564

Kttafah, H.R.; Khadim, A.I. The effect of dates palm trunk particles as improvement reinforcement material of polymeric composites and sustainable environmental material. in AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC. 2019, 12, 20095. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117022

Farid, E.; Kamoun, E.A.; Taha, T.H.; El-Dissouky, A.; Khalil, T.E. PVA/CMC/Attapulgite Clay Composite Hydrogel Membranes for Biomedical Applications: Factors Affecting Hydrogel Membranes Crosslinking and Bio-evaluation Tests. J. Polym. Environ 2022, 30(11), 4675–4689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02538-7

Paladini, F.; Pollini, M. Antimicrobial silver nanoparticles for wound healing application: Progress and future trends. Materials (Basel) 2019, 12(16), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12162540.

Shao, X. Amelioration of bone fragility by pulsed electromagnetic fields in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice involving Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Am. J. Physiol. Metab. 2021, 320(5), E951–E966. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00655.2020.

Shehab, A.A.; Fadaam, S.A.; Abd, A.N.; Mustafa, M.H. Antibacterial Activity Of ternary semiconductor compounds AgInSe2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Simple Chemical Method. in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing. 2018, 345, 12121. https://DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1003/1/012121

Hassan, H.K. Study the physical and optoelectronic properties of silver gallium indium selenide AgGaInSe2/Si heterojunction solar cell. in AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing 2018, 34, 56-67. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5039176