On -open sets

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30526/rbbyyy83

Keywords:

Grill , α -o sets ,〖〖 G〗_(α )〗^*-o set ,α-c sets , 〖G_(α )〗^*-of , 〖G_(α )〗^*-cf .

Abstract

This study investigates new concepts in grill topological spaces by employing specified sets in which the α-open sets are defined. Many scholars, such as Choquet, who is considered the first to lay the foundation stone for the concept of a grill and formulate its definition, were interested in studying it. After that, many attempts have been made to study the properties associated with this concept and to understand the relationships among these properties. There are several types of grill topological spaces, including discrete and cofinite topologies. Properties of this set and certain relationships are studied, as well as examining a group of functions, like open, closed, and continuous functions, determining their relation with each other and giving examples and properties associated with this set. This shall serve as the beginning of examining numerous topological properties with this set.

Author Biographies

  • Tabarak Ayad Ali, Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

    Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

  • Rana B. Esmaeel, .Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

    .Department of Mathematics, College of Education for Pure Science (Ibn Al Haitham), University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

  • Abdelaziz E. Radwan , Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

    Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science Ain shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

References

1. Choquet G. Sur les notions de filtre et de grille. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris. 1947;224:171–172.

2. Roy B, Mukherjee MN. On a typical topology induced by a grill. Soochow Journal of Mathematics. 2007;33:771–786.

3. Njåstad O. On some classes of nearly open sets. Pacific Journal of Mathematics. 1965;15:961–970. https://doi.org/10.2140/pjm.1965.15.961

4. Al-Omari A, Noiri T. Decompositions of continuity via grills. Jordan Journal of Mathematics and Statistics. 2011;4:33–46.

5. Mahmood AJ, Nasir AI. Connectedness via generalizations of semi-open sets. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2022;35:235–240. https://doi.org/10.30526/35.4.2877

6. El-Monsef MEA, Abd El-Monsef AM. Some generalized forms of compactness and closedness. Delta Journal of Science. 2012;7:2767–2782.

7. Hatir E, Jafari S. On some new classes of sets and a new decomposition of continuity via grills. Journal of Advanced Mathematical Studies. 2010;3:33–40.

8. Al-Hawary T, Al-Omari A. ω-continuous like mappings. Al-Manarah Journal. 2007;13:135–147.

9. Esmaeel RB, Nasir AI. Some properties of Ĩ-semi-open soft sets with respect to soft ideals. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics. 2016;111:545–562. https://doi.org/10.12732/ijpam.v111i4.2

10. Al-Hawary T, Al-Omari A. Between open and omega-open sets. Questions and Answers in General Topology. 2006;24:67.

11. Al-Hawary T. On generalized preopen sets. Proyecciones (Antofagasta). 2013;32:47–60. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-09172013000100004

12. Al-Hawary T. ρ-closed sets. Acta Universitatis Apulensis. 2013;29–36.

13. Mustafa, M.O.; Esmaeel, R.B. Some Properties in Grill-Topological Open and Closed Sets. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2021, 1897, 12038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1897/1/012038

14. Esmaeel RB, Mohammad RJ. On nano soft J-semi-g-closed sets. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020;1591:012071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1591/1/012071

15. Levine N. Semi-open sets and semi-continuity in topological spaces. The American Mathematical Monthly. 1963;70:36. https://doi.org/10.2307/2312781

16. Mandal D, Mukherjee MN. On a class of sets via grill: A decomposition of continuity. Analele Științifice ale Universității Ovidius Constanța, Seria Matematică. 2012;20:307–316. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10309-012-0020-9

17. Mashhour S, El-Monsef MEA, El-Deep SN. On pre-continuous and weak pre-continuous mappings. Proceedings of the Mathematical and Physical Society of Egypt. 1982;53:47–53.

18. Bro Y, Mukherjee MN. Concerning topologies induced by principal grills. Analele Științifice ale Universității "Al. I. Cuza" din Iași - Matematică. 2009;55:285–294.

19. Thron WJ. Proximity structures and grills. Mathematische Annalen. 1973;206:35–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01431527

20. Nasef AA. Ideals in general topology. Tanta University, Egypt; 1992.

21. Vaidyanathaswamy V. The localization theory in set topology. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section A. 1945;20:51–61.

22. Zahan I, Nasrin R. An introduction to fuzzy topological spaces. Advances in Pure Mathematics. 2021;11:483–501. https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2021.115034

23. Ibrahim HZ. Bc-open sets in topological spaces. Advances in Pure Mathematics. 2013;3:34–40. https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2013.31007

24. AL-Khafaji MAK, Hussan MSM. General type-2 fuzzy topological spaces. Advances in Pure Mathematics. 2018;8:771–781. https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2018.89047

25. Esmaeel RB, Hammood AA. Soft convergence via soft-ᶅ-pre-generalized-open sets. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2021;1879:011001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1879/1/011001

Downloads

Published

20-Apr-2025

Issue

Section

Mathematics

How to Cite

[1]
Ali, T.A. et al. 2025. On -open sets. Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences. 38, 2 (Apr. 2025), 418–424. DOI:https://doi.org/10.30526/rbbyyy83.