Callus Induction of Dianthus caryophllus L. and Economic Importance

Neam Haider Jawad; Hadeel M.  Habeeb

doi:10.30526/39.3.4300

Authors

Neam Haider Jawad Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2880-9248
Hadeel M. Habeeb Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2742-8774

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30526/39.3.4300

Keywords:

plant tissue culture

Abstract

The medicinal knowledge of herbal plants plays a crucial role in the discovery of new drugs. Among the Caryophyllaceae family, Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) is an ornamental plant widely valued for its colorful flowers and pleasant fragrance. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, the plant possesses pharmacological and aromatic properties that make it useful in traditional folk medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different plant growth regulators on callus induction and fresh weight production in D.caryophyllus using in vitro plant tissue culture techniques. Seeds of D. caryophyllus were surface sterilized using various concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for two exposure times (5 and 10 minutes). Explant (leaf, and node) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 types of auxins ,α-Naphthaleneacetic ( NAA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2,4-D) and cytokinins 6-benzyladenine (BA), Kinetin(KIN) at different concentrations. Callus induction was evaluated after 4 weeks of culture. Seeds were best sterilized by soaking in 3% NaOCl for 5 minutes. Leaf explants produced the highest (100%) callus induction rate on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L KIN, as well as node explants. The highest fresh weight of callus recovered from nodes was 0.92 g, while leaves had a fresh weight of 0.86 g. no callus induction was observed from internode explants. Growth regulators significantly influenced callus induction and fresh weight production in D. caryophyllus. The combination of 2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.5 mg/L KIN have reported results for callus formation, particularly from node and leaf explants, providing a useful model for further experimental studies.

Author Biographies

Neam Haider Jawad, Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

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Hadeel M. Habeeb, Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

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