The Synergistic Effect of Zinc, Coumestrol, Genestein and Daidzein on Proinflammatory Cytokines Production and Receptor Activator of NFκB Ligand Expression that Implicates in Bone Resorption

Abstract

Several observations have showed the synergistic effect of nutrients elements and phytoestrogens on bone resorption elimination. Zn is one of the trace elements found to increase the stimulatory effect of phytoestrogens including genestein, coumestrol and daidzein on bone formation; however the synergistic modulation of Zn, genestein, coumestrol and daidzein on proinflammatory-producing T-cells and receptor  activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) expression that implicated in osteoclast formation is still open area to debate. This study found that Zn enhanced the inhibitory effect of genistein, daidzein and coumestrol on TNF-α expression; however the same effect was shown with daidzein on IL-1β expression while there is no further effect found with other compounds. Zn is only in combination with genistein decreaseIL-6 expression; moreover Zn had additional effect on the inhibitory effect of all test phytoestrogens on RANKL expression in dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, Zn alone or in combination with phytoestrogens has an inhibitory effect on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and RANKL that play an important role in the promotion of bone resorption.