Effect of Nano-Zinc Foliar Spraying on Anatomical Characteristics of Soybean (Glycine max) Plants

Mouhannad Mahmood  Aljaf; Susan Abdul-Raheem  Hasan; Muazaz Azeez Hasan AL-Hadeethi

doi:10.30526/38.4.4137

Authors

Aljaf, Mouhannad Mahmood Dept. of Biology/ College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haitham/ University of Baghdad/ Iraq. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5221-8087
Susan Abdul-Raheem Hasan Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0637
Al-Hadeethi, Muazaz Azeez Hasan department of Biology/ College of Education for Pure Scieces Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8872-1894

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30526/38.4.4137

Keywords:

Glycine max, Nano-zinc, Spraying, Anatomy

Abstract

In trendy farming, the use of Nano fertilizers is raising the productivity and strength of different crops by reducing the destructive effects of environmental changes. The current study is the first in Iraq to address anatomical characteristics and the Nanoscale effect on them.

In the current study, the effect of Nano zinc oxide on the anatomy features of soybeans was tested. Concentrations of Nano zinc oxide were 0.75 and compared with control plants without spray. after doing the sections and examination, the results showed that the effect of Nano zinc oxide on the vascular bundle in the stem and midrib of leaf, also the length and width of stomata in leaf epidermis compared with control, as the stems of plants sprayed with Nano zinc were in an primary growth stage compared to the control treatment that were in secondary growth. Also, the diameter of bundles in control reached 297.3µ compared with the diameter of bundles treated with Nano zinc, which reached 116.2µ. On the other hand, the diameter of bundles in the midrib reached 135.7µ in the control and 148.1µ in the Nano zinc treatment, so the length and width of the stomata increased in the Nano zinc treatment.

Author Biographies

Aljaf, Mouhannad Mahmood, Dept. of Biology/ College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haitham/ University of Baghdad/ Iraq.

biology
Susan Abdul-Raheem Hasan, Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

biology
Al-Hadeethi, Muazaz Azeez Hasan , department of Biology/ College of Education for Pure Scieces Ibn Al-Haitham, University of Baghdad

prof.Dr. in biology

References

1. Al-Rumi IA. The effect of phosphate fertilizer on the growth, yield, and quality of two varieties of mung beans Phaseolus aureus L. J Basic Educ Coll Res, 2012;12(1):1–13.

2. Richter GL, Junior AZ, Streck NA, Guedes JVC, Kraulich B, Da-Rocha TSM, Winck JEM, Cera JC. Estimating leaf area of modern soybean cultivars by a non-destructive method. Crop Prod Manag, 2014;74(4):476–485. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.er7402

3. Sherman-Broyles S, Bombarely A, Powell AF, Doyle JL, Egan AN, Coate JE, Doyle JJ. The wild side of a major crop: Soybean's perennial cousins from Down Under. Am J Bot, 2014;101(10):1651–1665. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400121

4. Bell LW, Bennett RG, Ryan MH, Clarke H. The potential of herbaceous native Australian legumes as grain crops: a review. Renew Agric Food Syst, 2011;26(1):79–81. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170510000347

5. Hymowitz T, Newell CA. Taxonomy of the genus Glycine, domestication and uses of soybeans. Econ Bot, 1981;35(3):272–288.

6. Linnaeus C. Glycine. Species Plantarum, Vol. 2. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 1753;753–754.

7. Carlisi J, Wollard D. History, culture, and nutrition of Apios americana. J Nutraceut Funct Med Foods, 2004;4(3-4):85–92. https://doi.org/10.1300/J133v04n03_06.

8. Allahmoradi P, Ghobadi M, Taherabadi S, Taherabadi S, Physiological aspects of mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) in response to drought stress. Proc Int Conf Food Eng Biotechnol, 2011;9:272–275.

9. Alsajri FA, Wijewardana C, Irby JT, Bellaloui N, Krutz LJ, Golden B, Gao W, Reddy KR. Developing functional relationships between temperature and soybean yield and seed quality. Agron J, 2020;112(1):194–204. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20034

10. Buzea C, Pacheco II, Robbie K. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: sources and toxicity. Biointerphases, 2007;2(4):MR17–MR71. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2815690.

11. Meena DS, Nagesh AKB. Bio efficacy of nanozincsulphide (ZnS) on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and nutrient status in the soil. Int J Adv Res, 2017;9(6):3795–3798.

12. Abu Dahi YM, Risan KS, Faisal MT. The effect of foliar feeding with iron, zinc, and potassium elements on the growth and yield of bread wheat. Iraqi J Agric Sci, 2009;40(1):69–81.

13. Waraich E, Ahmad A, Zahoor A, Rashid S, Ashraf MY, Foliar applied phosphorous enhanced growth, chlorophyll contents, gas exchange attributes and PUE in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Plant Nutr, 2015;38(12):1929–1943. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2015.1043377

14. Al-Hayani EHH. Effect of glutathione and hydrogen peroxide and their interactions on some of the quantity and quality characteristics of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) plant. [Thesis]. Coll Educ Pure Sci (Ibn-Al-Haitham), Univ Baghdad, 2015;193 p.

15. Hutchinson EP. Sectioning methods for moss leaves. Bryologist, 1954;57:175–176.

16. Al-Janabi YA, Al-Fahad ACh, Al-Hadeethi MA, Sutthisaksopon P, Rahman HK. Variations in growth, yield, and anatomy of three varieties of soybeans (Glycine max L. – Fabaceae). Anbar J Agric Sci. 2024;22(2):882-97. https://doi.org/10.32649/ajas.2024.184462.

17. Al-Khazraji TO, Aziz FM. Practical in plant anatomy and microscopic preparations. Erbil: Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Salahuddin; 1989. 321 p.

18. Al-Hadeethi MA, Ali JK, Al-Moussawi Z. Characters anatomy of Corchorus olitorius L. from Malvaceae family cultivated in Iraq. Int J Pharm Res. 2020;12(1):211-4.

19. Fahn A. Plant Anatomy. Oxford: Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd; 1990.

20. Al-Hadeethi MA, Al-Taie AT, Ali JK. Anatomical study of Combretum indicum L. DeFilipps cultivated in Iraq. Syst Rev Pharm. 2020;11(8):736-41.

21. Evert RF. Esau’s Plant Anatomy: Meristems, Cells, and Tissues of the Plant Body, Their Structure, Function, and Development. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Canada; 2006. 607 p.

22. Hasan MA, Al-Taweel SK, Alamrani HA, Al-Naqeeb MA, Al-Baldawwi MH, Hamza JH. Anatomical and physiological traits of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) seedling affected by salicylic acid and salt stress. Indian J Agric Res. 2018;52(4):362-7. https://doi.org/10.18805/IJARe-343.

23. Fatima F, Hashim A, Anees S. Efficacy of nanoparticles as nanofertilizer production: A review. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2021;28:1292-1303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11218-9.

24. Solanki P, Bhargava A, Chhipa H, Jain N, Panwar J. Nano-fertilizers and their smart delivery system. In: Rai M, Ribeiro C, Mattoso L, Duran N, editors. Nanotechnologies in Food and Agriculture. Cham: Springer International; 2015. p. 81-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14024-7_4.

25. Gomaa EF, Nassar RMA, Madkour MA. Effect of foliar spray with salicylic acid on vegetative growth, stem and leaf anatomy, photosynthetic pigments, and productivity of Egyptian lupine plant (Lupinus termis Forssk.). Int J Adv Res. 2015;3:803-13.

26. Thipe VC, Karikachery AR, Cakilkaya P. Green nanotechnology—An innovative pathway towards biocompatible and medically relevant gold nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2022;70:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103256.

27. Al-Taie DS. The effect of nitrogen, potassium, and iron on the growth and yield of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.) and its components. Master’s thesis. College of Agriculture, University of Basra; 2010.

28. Kobraee S, Keyvan S, Behrooz R. Effect of micronutrients application on yield components of soybean. Ann Biol Res. 2011;2(2):476-82. https://dx.doi.org/10.22126/atic.2022.7913.1059.

29. Abbas JM, Sarhan IA, Mutlaq NA. The effect of foliar feeding with iron and manganese on the yield and quality of three soybean varieties. Diyala J Agric Sci. 2011;3(1):218-27.

30. Al-Nizari KHS. The effect of spraying zinc and abscisic acid on the growth and yield of mung beans under water stress (Vigna radiata L.). Master’s thesis. College of Agriculture, University of Diyala; 2021.